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Deep-sea sea anemones are the "sisters" of tropical sea anemones, which live predominantly in shallower water zones.
Deep-sea sea anemones are found in all oceans and can live in extreme water depths (up to 4,000 meters) with high pressure in ice-cold water.
Unlike their tropical relatives, deep-sea anemones cannot use symbiosis with photosynthetically active endosymbionts in their completely lightless environment and rely on the capture of zooplankton and marine snow (organic tissue particles of dead organisms).
Deep-sea anemones are nowadays discovered and collected by using remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROUV).
Especially in the vicinity of the mostly unexplored deep-sea trenches and deep-sea mountains, more and more deep-sea sea anemones are currently being discovered and collected.
Sea anemones can reproduce sexually and asexually (cloning).
Pedal disc well developed. Body flat, orange to yellow in living specimens.
Oral disc up to 53 mm in diameter, expanded to completely cover short (up to 11 mm high) column; covered with numerous, short (up to 12 mm) tentacles, one tentacle per endocoel, more than one (4-6) per exocoel.
Tentacles sloping, each with sphincter at base. Distally more mesenteries than proximally, up to seven cycles of mesenteries, only first two cycles perfect.
Liponema multiporum is distributed north of the polar front, in subantarctic waters (Chilean coast and off Tasmania), and outside the Southern Ocean (New Zealand and South Africa). The type locality is in the Northern Hemisphere, although this is most likely an error.
In Antarctica, we find Liponema multiporum in the Scotia and Ross Seas; the latter is the shallowest locality.
Liponema multiporum occurs here between 124 - 232 meters and depths of 2,900 - 3,660 meters are mentioned.
The specimens in this study were collected in the deep sea in Drake Passage at a depth of 3,797-3,800 meters.
Liponema multiporum is a deep-sea species of the Southern Hemisphere.
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Synonyms:
Bolocera multiformum
Bolocera multipora (Hertwig, 1882)
Bolocera multiporum (Hertwig, 1882)
Liponema brevicirrata Carlgren, 1928
Liponema multipora Hertwig, 1882
